Forensic and legal psychology (or psychology and law) involves the application of scientific and professional aspects of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system. This field encompasses contributions made in a number of different areas - research, practice, public policy and teaching/training among them - from a variety of orientations within the field of psychology.

While there is some disagreement in the field as to what is meant by forensic psychology (with some equating it to psychology and law), others define it as the application of clinical specialties (e.g., clinical and counseling psychology) to legal institutions and people who come in contact with the law. Forensic psychology is composed of such issues such as competency to stand trial, mental status at the time of the offense, violence risk assessment, and child custody and visitation.

Legal psychology refers to the application of experimental or research-oriented areas of psychology (e.g., social, cognitive, physiological) to legal issues. Legal psychology also includes the scientific study of the effect of laws on people and the effect people have on laws. Witness identification, deception detection, investigative interviewing, and trial consulting are just some of the issues that comprise legal psychology.

Forensic and legal psychology professionals work in a variety of areas, such as:

• Law enforcement/intelligence
• Corrections
• Child and victim advocacy
• Mitigation and sentencing
• Jury consulting
• Social/public policy
• Psycholegal research

The program focuses on the application of all areas of psychology to the law and the legal system.

Courses in the program focus on such topics as:

• Forensic assessment (e.g., competency to stand trial, criminal responsibility, violence prediction)
• Treatment of the juvenile offender
• Eyewitness identification
• Wrongful convictions
• Deception detection
• Intelligence
• Terrorism
• Jury decision-making
• Legal reasoning skills
• The legal system
• The war on drugs
• Capital punishment
• Abortion
• Prison conditions

Students must complete an internship selected from the wide-variety of applicable sites in the DC region.

There is no specific undergraduate major requirement, but having a major or minor in psychology will be of benefit. It is, however, strongly recommended that applicants have taken a few courses in psychology, criminal justice, and criminology.

Currently, the program does not have a formalized thesis option. The program does not follow a mentorship model, and students are admitted into the program by committee rather than accepted to work with a particular faculty member.

Yes, all students are required to complete a total of 300 hours. Students must enroll in, attend, and complete the requirements for FLP 599 during the same semester in which they complete their internship requirement.

Students have completed internships at the:

• FBI (including its National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime)
• NCIS
• ATF
• Fairfax County Public Defender’s Office
• Arlington County Police Department
• National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
• Federal Bureau of Prisons
• Vera Institute of Justice
• Northern Virginia Capital Defender’s Office

In order to enroll in FLP 599, students must first complete FLP 501, 502, 511, 531, and 6 additional program credits. Specific information regarding the internship requirements can be obtained from the coordinator of forensic and legal psychology internships. You cannot enroll yourself in FLP 599; only the coordinator can enroll you in this course.

• Once a student has selected an internship that has been approved by the coordinator of forensic and legal psychology internships, an Internship Contract Request Form (obtained from the coordinator) must be completed and returned to the coordinator.
• Once the internship agreement is created, the student and his/her internship site supervisor must sign this form and return it to the coordinator.
• Malpractice insurance must also be obtained from the American Psychological Association (APA). Malpractice insurance can be purchased via the APA’s The Trust. This insurance is good for one year.
• Upon acquiring the malpractice insurance, the student must provide the coordinator with a copy of the second page of the malpractice insurance policy.
• Once the coordinator receives all of this paperwork, he/she will enroll the student in FLP 599.

All students are required to document at least 20 hours of research assistance or teaching experience while they are enrolled as degree-seeking students.

Students may also assist one or more professors in developing a course or working on an existing course, and should contact faculty with whom they wish to work and arrange a mutually agreeable work plan.

They may also work on projects at their internship site or other external location with permission of the faculty.

Research Hours Documentation Forms can be obtained from the department’s administrative secretary, and a faculty member must sign off on it. In order for a student to receive credit for the internship requirement (FLP 599), the 20 research hours must be completed.

Not yet. Forensic psychologists must graduate from a psychology doctoral program which provides students with the coursework, practical, and internship experiences necessary to meet licensure requirements at the state level. Many state jurisdictions also require postdoctoral experience.

In certain states, the practice of professional psychology is limited to those who graduate from an APA-accredited doctoral program (e.g., clinical, counseling, school). Passing scores on exams (e.g., EPPP, state written or oral exam) are also required.

According to some, one must pursue additional training and credentialing (e.g., ABFP certification) before being able to call oneself a forensic psychologist.

Criminal profiling is just one of the vast issues and functions within the field, and comes with its own perils.

This program does not offer specialized clinical training, and graduates will not be able to conduct therapy, clinical assessment, or other practices that require a license.

This program does not offer courses in clinical assessment or counseling; therefore students are not eligible for licensure as a counselor (LPC) after graduating from the program. Typically one must have a doctorate before being eligible for licensure as a clinical psychologist.

Students who are interested in pursuing a career in counseling should consider the dual program, in which students earn dual M.A. degrees in clinical mental health counseling and forensic and legal psychology. Students who complete this option would be eligible for licensure as an LPC.

The department has an ongoing exchange program with the Forensic Psychology M.A. program at London Metropolitan University, and students alternate years participating in an intensive one-week study trip to Washington, DC, or London. In addition, faculty have led trips to Israel/Palestine, Cambodia, Prague, and Sweden.

Most courses are offered in mid-afternoon (3:30) as well as the evening (6:30). Some are also offered in late-morning (11:45). All required courses are offered during both the fall and spring semesters, with a few also offered during the summer sessions.

Typically, if a required course is offered during the day in one semester, it will be offered during the evening in the other semester. A few courses are also offered in intensive one-week formats (during the summer sessions and the week prior to the spring semester). It is unlikely that students will be able to complete the program in a timely fashion taking only evening classes.

Typically, electives are offered once per academic year (including the summer sessions). While every effort is made to offer every elective every year, this is not always possible.

The program and classes are located at Marymount’s Ballston Center, approximately 1.5 miles from the Main Campus. Free Marymount shuttle service connects the Center with the Ballston-MU Metro Station and Main Campus.

Alumni have secured employment in a variety of positions, including:

• Correctional counselor/specialist
• Correctional officer
• Crime analyst
• Court diversion coordinator
• Intelligence analyst
• INTERPOL analyst
• Investigative analyst
• Juvenile justice reform program manager
• Law enforcement officer
• Mitigation specialist
• Policy analyst
• Pretrial services officer
• Probation/parole officer
• Research analyst
• Sentencing advocate
• Sex offender supervisor
• Suicidology researcher
• Trial consultant
• Victim specialist

Locations where alumni have obtained employment include:

• American Association of Suicidology
• Arlington County Police Department
• Arlington County Probation and Parole
• Center for Clinical and Forensic Services
• Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency
• Department of State
• DC Metropolitan Police Department
• Drug Enforcement Agency
• Fairfax County Adult Detention Center
• Fairfax County Child Protective Services
• Fairfax County Juvenile Detention Center
• Federal Bureau of Investigation-National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime
• Immigration and Customs Enforcement
• Jury Services, Inc.
• Justice Policy Institute
• Maryland Department of Juvenile Justice
• Northern Virginia Capital Defender’s Office
• National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
• National Institute of Justice
• Naval Criminal Investigative Services
• Naval Research Laboratory
• Offender Aid and Restoration
• Police Executive Research Forum
• Transportation Security Administration
• Virginia Indigent Defense Commission

Advisors are assigned based on the first letter of last names.

• A-D – Dr. Erin McNett
• E-H – Dr. William Costanza
• I-L – Dr. Holly Hargeaves-Cormany
• M-P – Dr. Jason Doll
• Q-Z – Dr. Mary Lindahl

All students should subscribe to the forensic and legal psychology listserv once they have enrolled in the program, allowing them to interact with faculty and each other. The link to subscribe can be obtained from your academic advisor or the department chairperson.

When filling out the online request, be sure not to check the “yes” box for receiving email in a daily digest format; otherwise, you will not receive attachments. After you complete the online form, you will receive an email from the department’s graduate assistant requesting that you confirm your status in the program.

The ISC provides students with important entry-level skill sets that are of interest to employers in the IC and private sector companies that support it. However, these jobs also require security clearances as part of the employee screening process granted by the individual agencies in the IC. The clearance process involves a background investigation and, for some positions, a polygraph exam. Some internships may offer the opportunity to obtain a clearance prior to graduation.